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Can X be banned under UK law and what are Ofcom’s other options?

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The Guardian
January 13, 2026 9:39 AM
YoyoFeed Summarized

Under the UK's Online Safety Act (OSA), the government has threatened Elon Musk's platform X with a potential ban due to its allowance of the Grok AI tool to generate indecent images of women and children. The media regulator Ofcom has launched an investigation into X, examining whether the platform failed to assess risks of illegal content, prevent users from viewing it, remove illegal material promptly, protect user privacy, assess risks to children, or implement effective age verification for pornography. A ban, termed "business disruption measures," could be sought by Ofcom through a court order, compelling internet service providers to block access or payment providers/advertisers to withdraw services.

While the government supports a ban if X is found in breach, Ofcom has stated that such measures are a "last resort" for "serious cases of ongoing non-compliance" and not a routine punishment. Ofcom must follow due process, as a hasty decision could lead to a judicial review by X. The regulator has other options, including forcing X to take corrective steps or imposing fines of up to £18 million or 10% of worldwide revenue. The investigation's timeline is uncertain, but Ofcom has initiated it quickly due to public and political concern. Experts suggest Ofcom could expedite measures if a breach is found and X fails to remedy it.

What specific legal provisions in the UK's Online Safety Act could lead to a ban on X?
The Online Safety Act allows Ofcom to seek a court order for 'business disruption measures' on platforms breaching the legislation. These measures effectively block a platform from operating in the UK by ordering internet service providers to deny access or requiring financial services and advertisers to withdraw their support.
What are the main concerns Ofcom is investigating regarding X's compliance with the Online Safety Act?
Ofcom is investigating whether X has failed to assess the risk of illegal content, such as intimate image abuse and child sexual abuse material, not taken adequate steps to prevent users from viewing such content, not removed illegal material swiftly, breached privacy laws, failed to assess risks to children, and not implemented effective age checks for pornography.
Besides a ban, what other regulatory actions can Ofcom take against X if it finds a breach of the Online Safety Act?
If X is found in breach, Ofcom can compel the platform to implement specific corrective actions to comply with the OSA or remedy harms caused. Additionally, Ofcom has the authority to impose substantial fines, which could be up to £18 million or 10% of the company's global revenue, whichever amount is larger.